{"id":7597,"date":"2026-06-12T09:14:00","date_gmt":"2026-06-12T01:14:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.jodoo.com\/blog\/?p=7597"},"modified":"2026-07-13T11:05:01","modified_gmt":"2026-07-13T03:05:01","slug":"huong-dan-san-xuat-so-do-ishikawa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.jodoo.com\/blog\/vi-vn\/ishikawa-diagram-manufacturing-guide","title":{"rendered":"S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Ishikawa: M\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/span>Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u: T\u1ea1i sao s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Ishikawa l\u1ea1i quan tr\u1ecdng trong ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00edt v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e3n t\u00ednh th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u00e2y ra t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t l\u1edbn trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. T\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y, ph\u1ebf ph\u1ea9m, l\u00e0m l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i ti\u00eau t\u1ed1n t\u1eeb 51.300 \u0111\u1ebfn 301.300 t\u1ea5n t\u1ed5ng chi ph\u00ed s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 khi c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m ch\u1ec9 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm ra nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao... S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Ishikawa<\/a><\/strong> \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng: n\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p cho c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m \u0111a ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, tr\u1ef1c quan \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi h\u1ecd b\u1eaft tay v\u00e0o h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 x\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1<\/strong> ho\u1eb7c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3<\/strong>, Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p Ishikawa gi\u00fap c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec1u tra c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u01b0 l\u1ed7i h\u00e0n t\u00e1i di\u1ec5n, sai l\u1ec7ch k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc, h\u1ecfng m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n, nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ea9n v\u00e0 ng\u1eebng d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. Thay v\u00ec d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ho\u1eb7c \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i nh\u1ea5t, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn xoay quanh c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra l\u1ed7i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o Lean, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 quy tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 t\u1ea1i x\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd ph\u00e2n t\u00edch chi ti\u1ebft... Khung 6M<\/strong>, H\u00e3y c\u00f9ng t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t, v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 ra c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i ph\u00e2n t\u00edch x\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1 v\u1edbi quy tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 n\u1eb1m im tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng tr\u1eafng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/span>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Ishikawa l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u00e0 khi n\u00e0o n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3?<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

<\/span>C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Ishikawa<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed8T S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Ishikawa<\/strong><\/a> \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u1ed1c tr\u1ef1c quan gi\u00fap c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau \u1edf "\u0111\u1ea7u" c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. M\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ngang t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1ng, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh ph\u00e2n nh\u00e1nh t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3. C\u00e1c nh\u00e1nh nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n sau \u0111\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ph\u1ee5, c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nghi ng\u1edd g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n g\u00e2y ra v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft thu th\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec1u tra.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00ec n\u00f3 bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed9i ph\u1ea3i t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1. t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng<\/strong> t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/strong> Thay v\u00ec tr\u1ed9n l\u1eabn c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng, \u00fd ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn. Trong m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 x\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1 t\u1ed1t, m\u1ed7i nh\u00e1nh tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n: \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec trong quy tr\u00ecnh, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ho\u1eb7c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 t\u1ea1o ra l\u1ed7i? \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m cho s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t bu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e3o t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng xem x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i h\u01a1n sau n\u00e0y trong c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c ki\u1ec3m to\u00e1n ho\u1eb7c theo d\u00f5i h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"S\u01a1<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/span>Khi n\u00e0o th\u00ec n\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1 h\u1eefu \u00edch nh\u1ea5t khi m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3<\/strong>, \u0111a ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng<\/strong>, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u1ed7i r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng duy nh\u1ea5t. Trong ph\u00e2n t\u00edch l\u1ed7i s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, n\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u01b0 bavia l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gia c\u00f4ng, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 m\u00f4-men xo\u1eafn kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1eafp r\u00e1p ho\u1eb7c l\u1ed7i in nh\u00e3n kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i. Nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra, v\u00ec v\u1eady nh\u00f3m c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eadp b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u00fang tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 khi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u1ed7i, nh\u1eadt k\u00fd m\u00e1y m\u00f3c, h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 ca l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1ebf ph\u1ea9m ho\u1eb7c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ki\u1ec3m tra. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nh\u1ef1a nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y l\u1ed7i thi\u1ebfu nh\u1ef1a ch\u1ec9 gia t\u0103ng \u1edf m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m khu\u00f4n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh trong ca \u0111\u00eam, bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 Ishikawa s\u1ebd gi\u00fap nh\u00f3m x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi h\u1ecd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp, t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng nh\u1ef1a, thao t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m m\u00e1t. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 gi\u00fap cu\u1ed9c \u0111i\u1ec1u tra tr\u1edf n\u00ean to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi ph\u1ecfng \u0111o\u00e1n, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ee7 t\u1eadp trung \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/span>Khi n\u00e0o n\u00ean k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p n\u00f3 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c?<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 x\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1 ph\u00e1t huy hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c, thay v\u00ec s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ri\u00eang l\u1ebb. Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch Pareto gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ed7i ho\u1eb7c ki\u1ec3u h\u1ecfng n\u00e0o c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0u ti\u00ean x\u1eed l\u00fd tr\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t khi m\u1ed9t d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ed7i kh\u00e1c nhau. Khi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u01b0u ti\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Ishikawa gi\u00fap nh\u00f3m l\u1eadp b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p 5 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi "T\u1ea1i sao" r\u1ea5t h\u1eefu \u00edch sau khi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 x\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i l\u00ean m\u1ed9t nh\u00e1nh nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ti\u1ec1m t\u00e0ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o s\u00e2u h\u01a1n. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e1nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ef1 m\u00f2n d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ed5, nh\u01b0ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p 5 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi "T\u1ea1i sao" c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap truy t\u00ecm l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao s\u1ef1 m\u00f2n d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1edbm h\u01a1n, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 thi\u1ebfu b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn thay th\u1ebf ho\u1eb7c ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec k\u00e9m. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y. Pareto<\/a><\/strong> \u0111\u1ec3 \u01b0u ti\u00ean, m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 x\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1<\/a><\/strong> \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u00e1c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng, v\u00e0 5 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi "T\u1ea1i sao?"<\/a><\/strong> \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c minh con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady nh\u1ea5t d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/span>Khi n\u00f3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean k\u00e9m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Ishikawa s\u1ebd m\u1ea5t \u0111i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb khi c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m coi n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i t\u1eadp trong cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp thay v\u00ec m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111i\u1ec1u tra d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng. N\u1ebfu m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ed9i v\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o l\u1ea1i, thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t m\u00e1y m\u00f3c tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t danh s\u00e1ch c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i v\u00ec nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y ch\u1ec9 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00f3 c\u0169ng k\u00e9m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n khi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau ra l\u00e0... m\u01a1 h\u1ed3<\/strong>. M\u1ed9t nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0 "ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u00e9m" qu\u00e1 chung chung \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra v\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Ishikawa, trong khi "v\u1ebft x\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean v\u1ecf th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 sau khi l\u1eafp r\u00e1p cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng 4,2% trong tu\u1ea7n n\u00e0y, cung c\u1ea5p cho nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tra". Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng c\u00e0ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, c\u00e1c nh\u00e1nh c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean h\u1eefu \u00edch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/span>C\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong x\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

T\u1ea1i x\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n - k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m \u0111a ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1ea7n g\u0169i nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi quy tr\u00ecnh. B\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0ng b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u1ea3 chu\u1ed7i cung \u1ee9ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin kh\u00e1c nhau. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng b\u1edfi v\u00ec m\u1ed9t l\u1ed7i \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed5 l\u1ed7i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb thanh d\u1eabn h\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1ecb m\u00f2n, \u0111\u1ed9 c\u0103ng m\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1eefu \u00edch c\u0169ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3<\/strong>, nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn<\/strong>, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt ph\u1ea9m v\u1eabn c\u00f2n c\u1ea7n x\u00e1c minh<\/strong>. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 gi\u00fap cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn di\u1ec5n ra trung th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3ng th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn b\u1ecb r\u1ed1i r\u1eafm b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng \u00fd ki\u1ebfn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng. Ph\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfp theo s\u1ebd tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y c\u00e1ch khung ph\u00e2n t\u00edch 6M mang l\u1ea1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh h\u01a1n cho c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t trong quy tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/span>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng khung ph\u00e2n t\u00edch 6M \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch l\u1ed7i s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, khung ph\u00e2n t\u00edch 6M t\u1ea1o c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac cho s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 x\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra th\u00e0nh s\u00e1u nh\u00e1nh ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n: Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u00e1y m\u00f3c, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, ph\u00e9p \u0111o v\u00e0 M\u1eb9 Thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean ho\u1eb7c M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/strong>. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00ec vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u tra l\u1ed7i th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb \u0111\u00ecnh tr\u1ec7 khi c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m t\u1eadp trung qu\u00e1 s\u1edbm v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nghi ng\u1edd duy nh\u1ea5t, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 l\u1ed7i v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh ho\u1eb7c h\u1ecfng h\u00f3c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, v\u00e0 b\u1ecf qua ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a quy tr\u00ecnh. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch, C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac 6M<\/strong> t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Ishikawa<\/strong><\/a> Ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n h\u01a1n, xem x\u00e9t nhanh h\u01a1n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn v\u00e0 h\u1eefu \u00edch h\u01a1n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"S\u01a1<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/span>Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi: C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a quy tr\u00ecnh<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1i Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng<\/strong> H\u1ea1ng m\u1ee5c n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh, s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00e0n giao v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n. Trong m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y l\u1eafp r\u00e1p \u00f4 t\u00f4, c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 v\u1ec1 m\u00f4-men xo\u1eafn kh\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1i v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh kh\u00f3a \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00f3, nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 "l\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh", m\u00e0 l\u00e0 do thi\u1ebfu s\u00f3t trong kh\u00e2u \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng bao g\u1ed3m s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 giao ti\u1ebfp gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ca l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. Trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t r\u1eddi r\u1ea1c, m\u1ed9t ca c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i bavia l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i trong khi ca ti\u1ebfp theo ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 ho\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i \u1edf tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u1edf c\u1ea5p h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 quy t\u1eafc leo thang kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng ho\u1eb7c quy tr\u00ecnh xem x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ea7u ca y\u1ebfu k\u00e9m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/span>M\u00e1y m\u00f3c: T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1i M\u00e1y m\u00f3c<\/strong> Nh\u00e1nh n\u00e0y t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, \u0111\u1ed9 hao m\u00f2n, hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp. Trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i h\u00e0n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 hao m\u00f2n c\u1ee7a khu\u00f4n in, c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh trong l\u00f2 nung ch\u1ea3y ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 l\u1ec7ch h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y g\u1eafp v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t linh ki\u1ec7n, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1eeb ch\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00e0n. N\u1ebfu thi\u1ebfu nh\u00e1nh n\u00e0y trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Ishikawa, c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf s\u00f3t c\u00e1c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ed7i ch\u1ec9 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n khi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u suy gi\u1ea3m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e1y m\u00f3c th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ea3y ra kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, khi\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ch\u00fang tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n h\u01a1n n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. M\u1ed9t m\u00e1y d\u1eadp trong nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t r\u1eddi r\u1ea1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 sai l\u1ec7ch v\u1ec1 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc sau v\u00e0i tr\u0103m chu k\u1ef3, khi s\u1ef1 t\u00edch t\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao l\u1ecbch s\u1eed m\u00e1y m\u00f3c, h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba v\u00e0 nh\u1eadt k\u00fd c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o quan tr\u1ecdng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n t\u00edch l\u1ed7i s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/span>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p: C\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1i Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/strong> H\u1ea1ng m\u1ee5c n\u00e0y xem x\u00e9t thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf quy tr\u00ecnh, tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n. Trong m\u1ed9t d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n h\u00e0n \u00f4 t\u00f4, c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt do r\u1ed7 kh\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch s\u01a1 b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef qua \u0111\u00eam. Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, nh\u01b0ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p quy tr\u00ecnh v\u1eabn cho ph\u00e9p \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u0169ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n khi m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi ch\u00e9p k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ea3 thi \u1edf t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. Trong l\u1eafp r\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t qu\u00e1 mu\u1ed9n trong quy tr\u00ecnh, cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n b\u1ecb l\u1eafp sai \u0111i qua nhi\u1ec1u b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfp theo tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n. M\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 t\u1ed1t v\u1ec1 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Ishikawa cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1eb1m trong ch\u00ednh quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u1edf con ng\u01b0\u1eddi hay m\u00e1y m\u00f3c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/span>Nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u: Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1i V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u<\/strong> Ng\u00e0nh n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4, s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng truy xu\u1ea5t ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c theo l\u00f4 ho\u1eb7c m\u1ebb s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00fac phun trong m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t r\u1eddi r\u1ea1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c v\u1ebft l\u00f5m khi \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m c\u1ee7a nh\u1ef1a v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh do th\u1eddi gian s\u1ea5y b\u1ecb r\u00fat ng\u1eafn ho\u1eb7c t\u00fai b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1edf. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00f3, khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, ngay c\u1ea3 khi m\u00e1y \u0111\u00fac v\u1eabn \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong ph\u1ea1m vi c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng khi c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t sau khi thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng m\u1edbi. Trong l\u1eafp r\u00e1p PCB, m\u1ed9t l\u00f4 keo h\u00e0n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1edbt kh\u00e1c nhau trong ph\u1ea1m vi cho ph\u00e9p, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh khi in \u1ea5n d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e2n t\u00edch 6M gi\u00fap c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m ghi nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng n\u00e0y t\u1eeb s\u1edbm thay v\u00ec coi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/span>\u0110o l\u01b0\u1eddng: \u0110\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m tra<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1i \u0110o l\u01b0\u1eddng<\/strong> C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1eb7t ra l\u00e0 li\u1ec7u nh\u00f3m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 l\u1ed7i hay kh\u00f4ng. Trong gia c\u00f4ng \u00f4 t\u00f4, m\u1ed9t chi ti\u1ebft c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf v\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t dung sai trong khi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 do d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 \u0111o b\u1ecb m\u00f2n ho\u1eb7c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111o kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m tra. N\u1ebfu h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, nh\u00f3m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft m\u1ed9t l\u1ed7i kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong ch\u00ednh quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eabn r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft trong vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm ra nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng. C\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o ph\u00e9p \u0111o k\u00e9m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m sai l\u1ec7ch qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 g\u1ea7n gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n dung sai. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 x\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1 n\u00ean \u0111\u1eb7t ra c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n, t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u00e0 li\u1ec7u c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u theo c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ca l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/span>Thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean hay M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng: C\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n xung quanh qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1i M\u1eb9 Thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean<\/strong> ho\u1eb7c M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/strong> H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111o \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m, b\u1ee5i, \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng, \u0111\u1ed9 rung v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t quy tr\u00ecnh. Trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m cao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n linh ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u00e0n, trong khi \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m th\u1ea5p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng nguy c\u01a1 ph\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u0129nh. Nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb b\u1ecf qua v\u00ec ch\u00fang n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i m\u00e1y m\u00f3c v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 l\u1ed7i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p trong ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t khu v\u1ef1c, n\u01a1i \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i x\u01b0\u1edfng thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo m\u00f9a ho\u1eb7c b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c nh\u00e0 x\u01b0\u1edfng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, khu v\u1ef1c l\u1eafp r\u00e1p ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c n\u1eb1m g\u1ea7n khu v\u1ef1c b\u1ed1c d\u1ee1 h\u00e0ng m\u1edf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00f3ng \u1ea9m \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1. Trong ph\u00e2n t\u00edch 6M, h\u1ea1ng m\u1ee5c n\u00e0y gi\u00fap c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m ki\u1ec3m tra xem v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 do quy tr\u00ecnh n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 hay do c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean quy tr\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/span>H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u00e1ch x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Ishikawa t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

<\/span>B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1.<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 h\u1eefu \u00edch S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Ishikawa<\/strong><\/a> B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n b\u1edfi th\u1eddi gian, quy tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m. Trong v\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, nh\u00f3m kh\u00f4ng vi\u1ebft \u201cch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00e0n k\u00e9m\u201d. H\u1ecd vi\u1ebft: \u201cTr\u00ean d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n s\u1ed1 3, hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch in t\u0103ng t\u1eeb 0,8% l\u00ean 3,6% trong hai tu\u1ea7n qua, t\u1eadp trung \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n h\u00e0n ch\u1ea3y cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng tr\u00ean d\u00f2ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m A.\u201d M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u00f3 gi\u00fap s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 x\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1 c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn \u0111i l\u1ea1c sang c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u0169ng gi\u00fap ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng v\u1edbi nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n. N\u1ebfu nh\u00f3m vi\u1ebft "hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1eadp m\u1ea1ch do keo h\u00e0n k\u00e9m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng", h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m sai l\u1ec7ch s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n - k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t. Trong ph\u00e2n t\u00edch l\u1ed7i s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, sai l\u1ea7m \u0111\u00f3 r\u1ea5t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m v\u00ec n\u00f3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi x\u00e1c minh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/span>X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c nh\u00e1nh ch\u00ednh tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e3o.<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Sau khi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, nh\u00f3m s\u1ebd l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch. c\u1ed9t s\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh<\/strong> c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 x\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1 v\u00e0 b\u1ed5 sung th\u00eam nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh<\/strong> c\u00e1c h\u1ea1ng m\u1ee5c. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p l\u1ed7i h\u00e0n n\u00e0y, c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u00e2n t\u00edch 6M gi\u00fap cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t: thao t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh, t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y in khu\u00f4n m\u1eabu, c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh nung ch\u1ea3y, t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng kem h\u00e0n, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng x\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o b\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ai b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u li\u1ec7t k\u00ea chi ti\u1ebft. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh cho cu\u1ed9c \u0111i\u1ec1u tra thay v\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 cho gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng nh\u1ea5t chi\u1ebfm \u01b0u th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110i\u1ec3m m\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1t \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean, h\u00e3y thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, sau \u0111\u00f3 thu th\u1eadp c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ed7i nh\u00e1nh, v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 sau \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn xem nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n n\u00e0o l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 thi. C\u00e1c nh\u00f3m b\u1ecf qua b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n th\u1ea3o h\u1ed7n \u0111\u1ed9n thay v\u00ec m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/span>H\u00e3y c\u00f9ng nhau suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc qu\u00e1 s\u1edbm.<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Sau khi x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c nh\u00e1nh, nh\u00f3m \u0111a ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1ed5 sung c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ph\u1ee5 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1ec1 quy tr\u00ecnh. M\u00e1y m\u00f3c<\/strong>, H\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c ch\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb khu\u00f4n m\u1eabu b\u1ecb m\u00f2n v\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 b\u0103ng chuy\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh; d\u01b0\u1edbi Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/strong>, H\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00eam m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi cho D\u00f2ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m A; theo \u0111\u00f3, V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u<\/strong>, C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a keo h\u00e0n, th\u1eddi gian r\u00e3 \u0111\u00f4ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1edbt. B\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p v\u00ec m\u1ed7i b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn s\u1ebd nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1ed7i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u1ede giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y, m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00e0 bao qu\u00e1t ph\u1ea1m vi, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn. M\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 t\u1ed1t v\u1ec1 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Ishikawa th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n tranh lu\u1eadn qu\u00e1 s\u1edbm v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng b\u1edfi v\u00ec vi\u1ec7c l\u1ecdc s\u1edbm th\u01b0\u1eddng lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n \u00edt r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n, m\u00e0 sau n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i h\u00f3a ra l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/span>Ph\u00e2n nh\u00f3m, so s\u00e1nh v\u00e0 \u01b0u ti\u00ean c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nh\u1ea5t.<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Sau khi \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e3o, nh\u00f3m xem x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n - k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p, lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c t\u1eeb ng\u1eef m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i h\u00e0n, "l\u1ed7i do ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh" qu\u00e1 chung chung, v\u00ec v\u1eady n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia nh\u1ecf th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch khu\u00f4n in kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n th\u1eddi gian m\u1edf c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t h\u00e0n. Sau \u0111\u00f3, nh\u00f3m so s\u00e1nh t\u1eebng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra v\u1edbi h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed l\u1ed7i, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec, nh\u1eadt k\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 h\u00e0n ch\u1ea3y l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ea1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngay l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00fac s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 x\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1 tr\u1edf n\u00ean h\u1eefu d\u1ee5ng thay v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 mang t\u00ednh l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft. Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng l\u1ed7i tr\u00f9ng kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u00f4 keo h\u00e0n, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m; trong khi \u0111\u00f3, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 l\u00f2 nung cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec9nh v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian gi\u1eef nhi\u1ec7t tr\u00ean D\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n 3. L\u00fac n\u00e0y, nh\u00f3m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu h\u1eb9p danh s\u00e1ch xu\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u1ea3y ra d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng thay v\u00ec x\u1eed l\u00fd m\u1ecdi nh\u00e1nh nh\u01b0 nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"S\u01a1<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/span>Ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf t\u1ea1i x\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

B\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 x\u00e1c minh<\/strong>, Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ph\u1ecfng \u0111o\u00e1n. Nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh nung ch\u1ea3y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t, ki\u1ec3m tra s\u1ef1 th\u1eb3ng h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a khu\u00f4n m\u1eabu v\u00e0 so s\u00e1nh t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 l\u1ed7i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c l\u00f4 keo hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 trong c\u00f9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. N\u1ebfu hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i gi\u1ea3m sau khi hi\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9nh c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh trong khi hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a keo v\u1eabn \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c l\u00f4, b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng cho th\u1ea5y v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u1eb1m \u1edf c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t quy tr\u00ecnh h\u01a1n l\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m h\u1eefu \u00edch v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m kh\u00f4ng h\u1eefu \u00edch. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Ishikawa<\/strong><\/a> T\u1eeb m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i t\u1eadp l\u1eadp t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u. \u1ede nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y, c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m ch\u1ec9 d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u1edf vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e3o, nh\u01b0ng ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 ch\u1ec9 tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady khi c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n nghi ng\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean d\u1eef li\u1ec7u quy tr\u00ecnh, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m ho\u1eb7c quan s\u00e1t tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp. Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00ec n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u l\u00e0 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/span>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng g\u00ec v\u1eabn c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Ngay c\u1ea3 sau khi x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra, nh\u00f3m v\u1eabn n\u00ean ghi l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc ki\u1ec3m tra c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. Trong v\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, cu\u1ed9c \u0111i\u1ec1u tra c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 sai l\u1ec7ch h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 h\u00e0n ch\u1ea3y l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh, nh\u01b0ng nh\u00f3m v\u1eabn c\u1ea7n x\u00e1c minh l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao s\u1ef1 sai l\u1ec7ch n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1edbm h\u01a1n, li\u1ec7u c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba c\u00f3 b\u1ecb b\u1ecf s\u00f3t hay kh\u00f4ng, v\u00e0 li\u1ec7u c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 sau khi thay \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m hay kh\u00f4ng. Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp l\u1ed7i, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao l\u1ed7i \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u01b0\u1edbc cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng n\u00e0y c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Ishikawa nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u1ed1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i<\/strong>. Thay v\u00ec k\u1ebft th\u00fac v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi nghi ng\u1edd duy nh\u1ea5t, nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ra v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn, b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t danh s\u00e1ch ng\u1eafn c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c x\u00e1c minh c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/span>T\u1eeb s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 x\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1 \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00f2ng k\u00edn v\u1edbi Jodoo<\/a><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

<\/span>V\u00ec sao s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 x\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1 ph\u1ea3i d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng?<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u1ede nhi\u1ec1u lo\u00e0i th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 x\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1<\/a><\/strong> K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng tr\u1eafng, m\u1ed9t t\u1ec7p \u0111\u00ednh k\u00e8m b\u1ea3ng t\u00ednh ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t slide trong b\u00e1o c\u00e1o h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c thi, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t khi nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ph\u1ea3i h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n. \u0110\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch l\u1ed7i s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t, th\u1eddi gian giao h\u00e0ng ho\u1eb7c hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh theo d\u00f5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00fac quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 ph\u00e1t huy t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng. Thay v\u00ec coi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Ishikawa nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i t\u1eadp th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed7i nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c minh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m, th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n, ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 bi\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u1ed1c th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i thay v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00f3i quen ghi ch\u00e9p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/span>Chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u00ecm ra nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 CAPA<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

TRONG Jodoo<\/a><\/strong>, Nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb b\u00e1o c\u00e1o v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p ho\u1eb7c l\u1ed7i, li\u00ean k\u1ebft n\u00f3 v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c xem x\u00e9t nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5, v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 chuy\u1ec3n k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c v\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba. K\u1ef9 s\u01b0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ghi l\u1ea1i v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, \u0111\u00ednh k\u00e8m s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 x\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1 ho\u1eb7c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Ishikawa t\u1eeb phi\u00ean xem x\u00e9t, ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u00e2n t\u00edch 6M, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi ng\u1edd so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c minh. C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 r\u1ea5t h\u1eefu \u00edch v\u00ec n\u00f3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n vi\u1ec7c g\u00e1n c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng cho c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sau khi nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra, m\u1ed7i ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. CAPA<\/a> <\/strong>Nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e1y m\u00f3c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec, nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u n\u1eb1m trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t h\u1ed3 s\u01a1. C\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Quy<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

V\u00ec quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1 h\u00f3a, m\u1ed7i h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c nh\u01b0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n, bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u00e1c minh, ng\u00e0y ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng trong c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng ki\u1ec3m to\u00e1n, n\u01a1i c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ea5t th\u1eddi gian theo d\u00f5i email ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u m\u1eabu gi\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 khi n\u00e0o. V\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n h\u1ea1n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean vai tr\u00f2 v\u00e0 theo d\u00f5i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e3 qu\u00e1 h\u1ea1n, \u0111ang ch\u1edd ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t ho\u1eb7c v\u1eabn thi\u1ebfu b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng x\u00e1c minh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/span>M\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p ph\u1ee5 t\u00f9ng \u00f4 t\u00f4.<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

H\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p ph\u1ee5 t\u00f9ng \u00f4 t\u00f4 \u0111ang \u0111i\u1ec1u tra c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i h\u00e0n l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u1ee5m gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1. Nh\u00f3m \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh vi\u1ec7c xem x\u00e9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 x\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1 v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hai nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c minh: \u00e1p l\u1ef1c k\u1eb9p kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb h\u00e0n v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t. Thay v\u00ec ghi l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3 trong m\u1ed9t b\u00e1o c\u00e1o t\u0129nh, nh\u00f3m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Jodoo<\/a><\/strong> T\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 li\u00ean k\u1ebft cho b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt quy tr\u00ecnh t\u1eeb c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p l\u1ed7i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00e1, \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u00e1p su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng k\u1eb9p tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 sau khi b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec. C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt quy tr\u00ecnh y\u00eau c\u1ea7u s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn h\u00e0n, x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. Sau khi c\u1ea3 hai c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh, quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c s\u1ebd chuy\u1ec3n h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c minh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 theo d\u00f5i t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 l\u1ed7i (ppm) ho\u1eb7c t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ea1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngay l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong c\u00e1c l\u1ea7n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ti\u1ebfp theo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/span>X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng truy xu\u1ea5t ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng cho ki\u1ec3m to\u00e1n xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 v\u00e0 x\u00e1c minh.<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh kh\u00e9p k\u00edn r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u00ec h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. T\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y, c\u00e1c h\u1ea1ng m\u1ee5c CAPA t\u1eeb 20% \u0111\u1ebfn 30% c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb qu\u00e1 h\u1ea1n ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3ng l\u1ea1i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t khi vi\u1ec7c theo d\u00f5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng t\u00ednh v\u00e0 chu\u1ed7i email r\u1eddi r\u1ea1c. M\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i gi\u00fap t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00ednh k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch y\u00eau c\u1ea7u x\u00e1c minh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u00f3ng, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u v\u00e0o \u00f4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1edbi Jodoo<\/a><\/strong>, B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u m\u1eabu ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn l\u1ed7i., RCA<\/a><\/strong> , V\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u m\u1eabu ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn l\u1ed7i, h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u1ed1c (RCA), quy tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t v\u00e0 b\u1ea3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng duy nh\u1ea5t. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m theo d\u00f5i to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 chu\u1ed7i t\u1eeb b\u00e1o c\u00e1o l\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch x\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1, c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 x\u00e1c minh v\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y c\u1ea7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng ki\u1ec3m to\u00e1n c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd h\u01a1n ho\u1eb7c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi IATF, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng truy v\u1ebft th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean h\u1ed3 s\u01a1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/span>\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y?<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u1ee3i \u00edch v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u1eadp t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c thi nhanh h\u01a1n. Khi c\u00e1c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Ishikawa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0o quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh, c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m s\u1ebd d\u00e0nh \u00edt th\u1eddi gian h\u01a1n cho vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadp l\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng tin, l\u00e0m r\u00f5 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m ho\u1eb7c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u ca l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n ho\u1eb7c nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 ch\u1eadm tr\u1ec5 trong ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i v\u00e0 gi\u00fap vi\u1ec7c theo d\u00f5i nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/span>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn: Bi\u1ebfn ph\u00e2n t\u00edch Ishikawa th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i.<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed8T S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Ishikawa<\/strong><\/a> Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1 v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00ec n\u00f3 bu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m ph\u1ea3i nh\u00ecn xa h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 xem x\u00e9t to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 chu\u1ed7i nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3. T\u1ea1i c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ph\u1ebf ph\u1ea9m t\u00e1i di\u1ec5n, l\u00e0m l\u1ea1i, th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eebng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c khi\u1ebfu n\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t khi n\u00f3 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u00fd ki\u1ebfn ch\u1ee7 quan. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao khung 6M l\u1ea1i quan tr\u1ecdng: n\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p cho nh\u00f3m c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tra c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n tr\u00ean c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m l\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 x\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1 kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean ch\u1ec9 d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u1edf vi\u1ec7c l\u00ean \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng. Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 n\u1eb1m \u1edf vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c minh c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra, ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c v\u00e0 theo d\u00f5i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft. N\u1ebfu thi\u1ebfu \u0111i s\u1ef1 k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt \u0111\u00f3, ngay c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t phi\u00ean ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u1ed1c (RCA) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp kh\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 t\u1ea1o ra ghi ch\u00fa m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng mang l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n, ca l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y, Jodoo<\/strong><\/a> C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng quy tr\u00ecnh RCA v\u00e0 CAPA kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh, k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i vi\u1ec7c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o l\u1ed7i, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch Ishikawa, quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t v\u00e0 h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 x\u00e1c minh trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng duy nh\u1ea5t. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u d\u00f9ng th\u1eed mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed<\/a><\/strong> ho\u1eb7c \u0110\u1eb7t l\u1ecbch d\u00f9ng th\u1eed<\/a><\/strong> \u0110\u1ec3 xem n\u00f3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Ishikawa \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 v\u00e0 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c (CAPA) trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. Xem ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p 6M ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u d\u00f9ng th\u1eed mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7376,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[20],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7597","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-solutions"],"blocksy_meta":[],"yoast_head":"\nIshikawa Diagram: A Method for Root Cause Analysis in Manufacturing - Jodoo Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Learn how to use an ishikawa diagram for manufacturing root cause analysis and CAPA. 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