{"id":8964,"date":"2026-08-07T11:29:56","date_gmt":"2026-08-07T03:29:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.jodoo.com\/blog\/?p=8964"},"modified":"2026-08-07T11:04:45","modified_gmt":"2026-08-07T03:04:45","slug":"phan-tich-che-do-loi-va-tac-dong","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.jodoo.com\/blog\/vi-vn\/failure-mode-effects-analysis","title":{"rendered":"H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ph\u00e2n t\u00edch FMEA d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/span>Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u: T\u1ea1i sao ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng (FMEA) l\u1ea1i quan tr\u1ecdng trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t l\u1ed7i nh\u1ecf b\u1ecb b\u1ecf s\u00f3t c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ebf ph\u1ea9m, ng\u1eebng d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, khi\u1ebfu n\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, ho\u1eb7c th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 thu h\u1ed3i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m. Trong ng\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u00f4 t\u00f4, chi ph\u00ed trung b\u00ecnh cho m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee3t thu h\u1ed3i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00ean t\u1edbi h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f4 la, trong khi \u1edf ng\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc h\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e2m th\u1ea7m g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, khi\u1ebfn chi ph\u00ed s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng (FMEA)<\/a><\/strong> \u0110\u00e2y v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba r\u1ee7i ro thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c nh\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u00ean d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, FMEA gi\u00fap c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1eb7t ra nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 leo thang: \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra l\u1ed7i, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng ho\u1eb7c quy tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfp theo nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y ra l\u1ed7i l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n l\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i ra sao? V\u00ed d\u1ee5, d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n gia c\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ef1 m\u00e0i m\u00f2n d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y ra sai l\u1ec7ch k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc, trong khi d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n SMT c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 ra vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nung ch\u1ea3y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n. Trong c\u1ea3 hai tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1u gi\u1ed1ng nhau: ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ebfn giai \u0111o\u1ea1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ebfn tay kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y s\u1ebd h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn b\u1ea1n t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n FMEA, c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng, T\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 \u01b0u ti\u00ean r\u1ee7i ro, v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb b\u1ea3ng t\u00ednh t\u0129nh sang quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/span>FMEA bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng g\u00ec?<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

<\/span>FMEA th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 ghi l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng g\u00ec?<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

FMEA<\/a><\/strong> \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u1ec3 ghi l\u1ea1i c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ho\u1eb7c quy tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p l\u1ed7i, \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra n\u1ebfu l\u1ed7i x\u1ea3y ra, t\u1ea1i sao l\u1ed7i x\u1ea3y ra v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n. Trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, n\u00f3 bi\u1ebfn ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c t\u1ea1i x\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t s\u1ed5 \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd r\u1ee7i ro r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n ti\u1ebfp theo ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ebfn tay kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7; n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ec3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00ean t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u tra v\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ed7i l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 x\u1ea3y ra, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 tr\u00ean m\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i PCB, v\u1ecf \u0111\u00fac b\u1ecb n\u1ee9t ho\u1eb7c nh\u00e3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e1n sai m\u00e3 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m (SKU). H\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a l\u1ed7i \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, n\u01b0\u1edbc x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp ho\u1eb7c kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n sai s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m t\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 l\u00fd do c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ed7i, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 t\u1eafc ngh\u1ebdn v\u00f2i phun, m\u1ea5t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng l\u00e0m m\u00e1t khu\u00f4n ho\u1eb7c m\u1eabu nh\u00e3n ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c. Bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi n\u00f3 x\u1ea3y ra, bao g\u1ed3m: poka-yoke<\/a><\/strong> c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, ki\u1ec3m tra s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, AOI, ki\u1ec3m tra m\u00f4-men xo\u1eafn ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc x\u00e1c minh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/span>Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch r\u1ee7i ro thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf so v\u1edbi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch r\u1ee7i ro quy tr\u00ecnh<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00f3m s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u1eefa FMEA thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 FMEA quy tr\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa hai \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00e1 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n. Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf (DFMEA)<\/strong> \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00e1c r\u1ee7i ro ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n trong ch\u00ednh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea3 khi xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, n\u1ebfu v\u1ecf thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed c\u00f3 kh\u1edbp n\u1ed1i m\u1ecfng d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb n\u1ee9t trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1eafp r\u00e1p ho\u1eb7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t r\u1ee7i ro thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00ec h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u t\u1ea1o ra \u0111i\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a quy tr\u00ecnh (PFMEA)<\/strong> B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c l\u1eafp r\u00e1p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt ngay c\u1ea3 khi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf t\u1ed1t. M\u1ed9t d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n l\u1eafp r\u00e1p PCB c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t bo m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf t\u1ed1t, nh\u01b0ng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i h\u00e0n v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra do m\u00f2n khu\u00f4n in, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng keo h\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh nung ch\u1ea3y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

S\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ebd thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o r\u1ee7i ro. M\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 DFMEA th\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ho\u1eb7c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p, trong khi m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 PFMEA th\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec ho\u1eb7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. C\u00e1c nh\u00f3m k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ea3 hai th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u01a1 h\u1ed3, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea1m vi FMEA r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ea1n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n FMEA t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/span>Khi n\u00e0o c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng FMEA?<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng FMEA l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ra m\u1eaft<\/strong>, Khi c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh v\u1eabn c\u00f2n d\u1ec5 thay \u0111\u1ed5i. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p ph\u1ee5 t\u00f9ng \u00f4 t\u00f4 v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng FMEA trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y. APQP<\/a><\/strong> V\u00ec vi\u1ec7c kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n mu\u1ed9n t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u; c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u trong ng\u00e0nh th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng chi ph\u00ed s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa l\u1ed7i sau khi s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cao h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa l\u1ed7i trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Ngay c\u1ea3 ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ra m\u1eaft ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y v\u1eabn h\u1eefu \u00edch b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 khi n\u00e0o m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh m\u1edbi, kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00f3m c\u0169ng n\u00ean c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt FMEA trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y. thay \u0111\u1ed5i quy tr\u00ecnh<\/strong>, V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c di d\u1eddi d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, thay th\u1ebf d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5, thay th\u1ebf v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, gi\u1ea3m th\u1eddi gian chu k\u1ef3 ho\u1eb7c n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a. Nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf h\u1ecfng h\u00f3c theo nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng ch\u1ec9 t\u1eeb d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t. Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng (FMEA) gi\u00fap c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 n\u1eafm b\u1eaft c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t m\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n khi\u1ebfu n\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ki\u1ec3m to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c l\u1ed7i t\u00e1i di\u1ec5n, s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 su\u00fdt x\u1ea3y ra, h\u00e0ng tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i theo b\u1ea3o h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 nguy c\u01a1 ki\u1ec3m to\u00e1n gia t\u0103ng c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y li\u00ean t\u1ee5c g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 v\u1ec1 g\u1edd s\u1eafc, r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ebfu linh ki\u1ec7n, FMEA s\u1ebd cung c\u1ea5p cho nh\u00f3m m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 l\u1ea1i nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n, bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u01b0u ti\u00ean. Logic ch\u1ea5m \u0111i\u1ec3m, bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n s\u1ed1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u01b0u ti\u00ean r\u1ee7i ro trong FMEA, s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ti\u1ebfp theo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/span>H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n FMEA t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

<\/span>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea1m vi v\u00e0 l\u1eadp s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 quy tr\u00ecnh<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ec3 minh h\u1ecda c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t FMEA<\/a><\/strong> T\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t, h\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t ranh gi\u1edbi quy tr\u00ecnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u. Trong v\u00ed d\u1ee5 n\u00e0y, nh\u00f3m \u0111ang xem x\u00e9t d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n l\u1eafp r\u00e1p PCB cho m\u1ed9t bo m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n, v\u1edbi ph\u1ea1m vi gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u1edf vi\u1ec7c in kem h\u00e0n, \u0111\u1eb7t linh ki\u1ec7n, h\u00e0n ch\u1ea3y l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra tr\u1ef1c quan cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 gi\u00fap ph\u00e2n t\u00edch tr\u1edf n\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u1edf kh\u00e2u tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 v\u1edbi r\u1ee7i ro quy tr\u00ecnh, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng khi quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u1eefa FMEA thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 FMEA quy tr\u00ecnh trong c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u00e3y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch l\u1eadp s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 quy tr\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c nh\u01b0 n\u00f3 \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra tr\u00ean d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i theo h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn trong quy tr\u00ecnh chu\u1ea9n. M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u1edbi b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ebfn s\u00e1u b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 cho l\u1ea7n l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, mi\u1ec5n l\u00e0 m\u1ed7i b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ed7i ti\u1ec1m t\u00e0ng. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra khung s\u01b0\u1eddn c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3ng t\u00ednh tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi nh\u00f3m b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng ho\u1eb7c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/span>X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 \u0111a ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n FMEA hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 hi\u1ebfm khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft t\u1ed1t ch\u1ec9 b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 s\u01b0. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t PCB, nh\u00f3m n\u00f2ng c\u1ed1t n\u00ean bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 quy tr\u00ecnh, m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt vi\u00ean b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh ho\u1eb7c tr\u01b0\u1edfng d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y. N\u1ebfu nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p ho\u1eb7c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn quy tr\u00ecnh, h\u00e3y m\u1eddi h\u1ecd tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc li\u00ean quan thay v\u00ec to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 phi\u00ean h\u1ecdp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quy tr\u00ecnh FMEA t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n: x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea1m vi, l\u1eadp s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 quy tr\u00ecnh, th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp nh\u00f3m, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ed7i, ghi l\u1ea1i t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n, l\u1eadp t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 r\u1ee7i ro, ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 xem x\u00e9t k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3. \u0110i\u1ec1u l\u00e0m n\u00ean hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u1eabu m\u00e0 l\u00e0 t\u00ednh k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt trong vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t trong quy tr\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi lu\u00f4n g\u1eafn k\u1ebft cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1edbi b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 bi\u1ebfn ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c truy\u1ec1n mi\u1ec7ng th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t s\u1ed5 \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd r\u1ee7i ro c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u00e0 nh\u00f3m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"S\u01a1<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/span>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ed7i, t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n.<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Khi c\u1ea3 nh\u00f3m \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t, h\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc trong quy tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi xem \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra sai s\u00f3t \u1edf b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3. \u1ede b\u01b0\u1edbc in kem h\u00e0n, m\u1ed9t l\u1ed7i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 do l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kem h\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 tr\u00ean c\u00e1c ch\u00e2n linh ki\u1ec7n c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch nh\u1ecf. \u1ede b\u01b0\u1edbc nung ch\u1ea3y, m\u1ed9t l\u1ed7i kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n ngu\u1ed9i do c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ti\u1ebfp theo, h\u00e3y m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ed7i v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh. L\u01b0\u1ee3ng keo d\u00e1n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, l\u1ed7i ki\u1ec3m tra m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf sau khi xu\u1ea5t x\u01b0\u1edfng. Sau \u0111\u00f3, h\u00e3y li\u1ec7t k\u00ea c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 m\u00f2n khu\u00f4n in, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1edbt keo d\u00e1n k\u00e9m, m\u00e1y in b\u1ecb l\u1ec7ch ho\u1eb7c \u00e1p l\u1ef1c g\u1ea1t m\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/span>Ghi nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 r\u1ee7i ro.<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Sau khi li\u1ec7t k\u00ea c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n, h\u00e3y ghi l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n. Trong v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 PCB, c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch khu\u00f4n in, x\u00e1c minh thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u00e1y m\u00f3c v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 keo in, trong khi c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m SPI, AOI v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. H\u00e3y c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, v\u00ec c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 nh\u01b0 \u201cki\u1ec3m tra c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh\u201d s\u1ebd l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u01b0u ti\u00ean sau n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sau khi ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh h\u00e0ng, nh\u00f3m s\u1ebd g\u00e1n c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 Nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng, T\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean thang \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u01a1i s\u1ed1 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 \u01b0u ti\u00ean r\u1ee7i ro \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n. FMEA<\/strong><\/a> \u0110i\u1ec3m s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n, nh\u01b0ng logic ch\u1ea5m \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y trong ph\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfp theo. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5m \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh r\u1ee7i ro gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc trong quy tr\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/span>\u01afu ti\u00ean c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 xem x\u00e9t k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3.<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Sau khi ch\u1ea5m \u0111i\u1ec3m, h\u00e3y s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c c\u00f3 r\u1ee7i ro cao nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0o s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u r\u1ee7i ro nhanh nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady nh\u1ea5t. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p thi\u1ebfu kem h\u00e0n, h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 si\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n thay th\u1ebf khu\u00f4n in, th\u00eam c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 chi\u1ec1u cao kem h\u00e0n v\u00e0 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i quy tr\u00ecnh x\u00e1c minh thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp cho vi\u1ec7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m m\u1edbi. M\u1ed7i h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m, ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ea1n v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c x\u1ea3y ra ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n l\u1ed7i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 n\u00ean k\u1ebft th\u00fac b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n ghi ch\u00e9p s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt thay v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t danh s\u00e1ch c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn. Ch\u1ea5m \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh, x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn xem r\u1ee7i ro \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng m\u1ee9c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hay ch\u01b0a, v\u00e0 m\u1edf l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c n\u1ebfu hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t quy tr\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch FMEA chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i t\u1eadp h\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/span>\u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng, t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t x\u1ea3y ra v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 \u01b0u ti\u00ean r\u1ee7i ro.<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Sau khi x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u l\u1ed7i, nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0... FMEA<\/a><\/strong> Vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ea5m \u0111i\u1ec3m r\u1ee7i ro m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00f3m m\u1ea5t \u0111i t\u00ednh k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t khi vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean th\u00f3i quen thay v\u00ec c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed chung. Trong v\u00ed d\u1ee5 l\u1eafp r\u00e1p PCB \u1edf ph\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc, gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed nh\u00f3m \u0111ang xem x\u00e9t m\u1ed9t l\u1ed7i c\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i h\u00e0n \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n h\u00e0n ch\u1ea3y l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra \u0111o\u1ea3n m\u1ea1ch tr\u00ean bo m\u1ea1ch ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u00ecm ra m\u1ed9t con s\u1ed1 "ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o", m\u00e0 l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5m \u0111i\u1ec3m r\u1ee7i ro \u0111\u1ee7 logic \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c \u01b0u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/span>M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng: \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ti\u1ebfp theo.<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a l\u1ed7i, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t x\u1ea3y ra hay m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ec5 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p m\u1ea1ch in n\u00e0y, m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n b\u1ecb l\u1ed7i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra l\u1ed7i \u0111i\u1ec7n, l\u1ed7i ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ho\u1eb7c t\u1ec7 h\u01a1n l\u00e0 l\u1ed7i x\u1ea3y ra ngo\u00e0i th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf n\u1ebfu n\u00f3 lan r\u1ed9ng. N\u1ebfu l\u1ed7i n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ng\u1eebng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, g\u00e2y ra khi\u1ebfu n\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn an to\u00e0n, th\u00ec m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i cao. C\u00e1c nh\u00f3m n\u00ean g\u1eafn m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng v\u1edbi t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh doanh v\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ee9c \u201c7\u201d c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u201c9\u201d c\u1ee7a k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 kh\u00e1c.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/span>T\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t x\u1ea3y ra: \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u1ea3y ra c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3.<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

T\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t x\u1ea3y ra ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y ra l\u1ed7i d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n quy tr\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i h\u00e0n, nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 do l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kem h\u00e0n qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u, m\u00f2n khu\u00f4n in, ho\u1eb7c kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 nung ch\u1ea3y. N\u1ebfu SPI v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed l\u1ed7i cho th\u1ea5y hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn kem h\u00e0n xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean 2 trong s\u1ed1 1.000 bo m\u1ea1ch, nh\u00f3m n\u00ean ch\u1ea5m \u0111i\u1ec3m T\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t x\u1ea3y ra d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u00fd ki\u1ebfn ch\u1ee7 quan. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n FMEA t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 ph\u1ebf ph\u1ea9m, xu h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ea1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngay l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 l\u1ed7i \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5m \u0111i\u1ec3m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/span>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n: \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n b\u1ec7nh.<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 trong vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm ra l\u1ed7i tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi n\u00f3 lan xu\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n ti\u1ebfp theo ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ebfn tay kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m sau khi ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n. Trong v\u00ed d\u1ee5 FMEA v\u1ec1 quy tr\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m ki\u1ec3m tra keo h\u00e0n, AOI sau khi h\u00e0n ch\u1ea3y l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng. N\u1ebfu AOI ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i c\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi bo m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp, th\u00ec kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1ea1nh; n\u1ebfu c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n sau \u0111\u00f3 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m tra cu\u1ed1i d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n, th\u00ec x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1ebd k\u00e9m h\u01a1n v\u00ec quy tr\u00ecnh cho ph\u00e9p nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ed7i l\u1ecdt qua h\u01a1n v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa cao h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/span>C\u00e1ch ba ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh RPN<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Khi c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n FMEA t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc, ba m\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 \u01b0u ti\u00ean h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng. C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh s\u1ed1 \u01b0u ti\u00ean r\u1ee7i ro trong FMEA l\u00e0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

RPN = M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng \u00d7 T\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t x\u1ea3y ra \u00d7 Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u1ea5y v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 m\u1ea1ch in PCB, m\u1ed9t c\u1ea7u h\u00e0n b\u1ecb l\u1ed7i \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed... M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng 8<\/strong>, S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n 5<\/strong>, V\u00e0 Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n 4<\/strong> t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t RPN 160<\/strong>. Con s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng thay th\u1ebf cho \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p cho nh\u00f3m m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh r\u1ee7i ro n\u00e0y v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ecfng h\u00f3c kh\u00e1c tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Bi\u1ec3u<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/span>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n.<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ea5m \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1eb1m \u1edf s\u1ef1 so s\u00e1nh, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay. M\u1ed9t l\u1ed7i c\u00f3 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0ng x\u1ea3y ra th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd nhanh h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd, t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u00fd do. FMEA thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf so v\u1edbi FMEA quy tr\u00ecnh<\/strong> C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5m \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c nhau: DFMEA th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng cu\u1ed1i, trong khi PFMEA t\u1eadp trung nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t. Trong c\u1ea3 hai tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u0111\u1ec1u gi\u1ed1ng nhau\u2014s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng b\u1eb1ng b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 xem x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u1ed1 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 khi n\u00e0o c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i r\u1ee7i ro th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/span>T\u1eeb ph\u00e2n t\u00edch FMEA tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

<\/span>V\u00ec sao ph\u00e2n t\u00edch FMEA tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng t\u00ednh l\u1ea1i m\u1ea5t ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t?<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ebfn giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y trong quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng (PFMEA) l\u1eafp r\u00e1p PCB, nh\u00f3m \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ed7i c\u00f3 r\u1ee7i ro cao: l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kem h\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 tr\u00ean c\u00e1c ch\u00e2n linh ki\u1ec7n c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch nh\u1ecf, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n y\u1ebfu v\u00e0 l\u1ed7i gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch n\u00e0y l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd, nh\u01b0ng nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00f3m v\u1eabn qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfp theo b\u1eb1ng b\u1ea3ng t\u00ednh, chu\u1ed7i email v\u00e0 ghi ch\u00fa cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fac ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ea5t \u0111i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng n\u1eb1m \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u1edf vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebfu ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t quy tr\u00ecnh xung quanh n\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng t\u00ednh<\/strong> FMEA<\/a><\/strong>C\u00e1c l\u1ed7i x\u1ea3y ra theo nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. M\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 x\u1ea3y ra sau khi thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1eabu, trong khi b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eabn xem x\u00e9t m\u1ed9t t\u1ec7p c\u0169 h\u01a1n v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3. X\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n b\u1ecb sai l\u1ec7ch v\u00ec nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c nhau di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i thang \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c nhau, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 logic t\u00edch h\u1ee3p n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c thi c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc ch\u1ea5m \u0111i\u1ec3m. C\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7t k\u00ea, nh\u01b0ng quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu, ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ea1n v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i FMEA, l\u00e0m suy y\u1ebfu m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa ph\u00e2n t\u00edch r\u1ee7i ro v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn quy tr\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/span>X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 PFMEA k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

A \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed<\/strong> Quy tr\u00ecnh PFMEA gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch bi\u1ebfn b\u1ea3ng t\u00ednh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t. Thay v\u00ec l\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u00e1c h\u00e0ng trong c\u00e1c t\u1ec7p ri\u00eang l\u1ebb, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1eebng ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ed7i th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n ghi tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng chu\u1ea9n cho b\u01b0\u1edbc quy tr\u00ecnh, ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ed7i, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng, nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n, bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng, t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t x\u1ea3y ra, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap nh\u00f3m lu\u00f4n th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 gi\u00fap vi\u1ec7c xem x\u00e9t ki\u1ec3m to\u00e1n d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t logic c\u00f3 k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng khi h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n FMEA t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c thi ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd h\u01a1n sau khi ch\u1ea5m \u0111i\u1ec3m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1edbi Jodoo<\/strong><\/a>, B\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u1eb7c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt quy tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac PFMEA \u0111\u00f3 d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng bi\u1ec3u m\u1eabu v\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n CNTT. Bi\u1ec3u m\u1eabu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a thang \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi g\u1eedi v\u00e0 l\u01b0u gi\u1eef l\u1ecbch s\u1eed s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i cho m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng khi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng h\u1ecfi t\u1ea1i sao \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u1ed1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i sau khi th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n ho\u1eb7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i quy tr\u00ecnh. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng gi\u00fap t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t FMEA quy tr\u00ecnh kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng FMEA thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng khi c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd FMEA thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf so v\u1edbi FMEA quy tr\u00ecnh trong c\u00e1c chu k\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/span>T\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a t\u00ednh to\u00e1n RPN v\u00e0 c\u00e1c tr\u00ecnh k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 logic ch\u1ea5m \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng. Trong Jodoo<\/strong><\/a>, C\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd vi\u1ec7c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n s\u1ed1 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 \u01b0u ti\u00ean r\u1ee7i ro trong FMEA b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch nh\u00e2n M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng, T\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t x\u1ea3y ra v\u00e0 Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ngay khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng nh\u1eadp ba x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i t\u00ednh to\u00e1n th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p cho nh\u00f3m m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n, t\u1ee9c th\u1eddi v\u1ec1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u01b0u ti\u00ean trong to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 PFMEA. Trong v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 keo h\u00e0n, m\u1ed9t M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng 8<\/strong>, S\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a 6<\/strong>, V\u00e0 Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n 5<\/strong> t\u1ea1o ra ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t RPN 240<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u1ed1 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 t\u00f4 s\u00e1ng m\u1ed9t \u00f4. Jodoo c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t m\u1ed9t thao t\u00e1c c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c<\/a><\/strong> l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch khi RPN v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 200<\/strong> ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi r\u1ee7i ro li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn keo h\u00e0n, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng cho b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 xem x\u00e9t khu\u00f4n m\u1eabu, cho b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c minh thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp v\u00e0 cho b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn ki\u1ec3m tra. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 thu h\u1eb9p kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i, \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng t\u00ednh hi\u1ebfm khi x\u1eed l\u00fd t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"S\u01a1<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/span>T\u1ea1o s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean vai tr\u00f2 c\u0169ng quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m. B\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf l\u1ea1i khu\u00f4n m\u1eabu, trong khi b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng xem x\u00e9t li\u1ec7u c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t SPI c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n hay kh\u00f4ng, v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy tr\u00ec trong ca l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. Quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 cho ph\u00e9p m\u1ed7i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng xem x\u00e9t, nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t, ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t ho\u1eb7c tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i b\u1ea3n ghi theo tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1, t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy v\u1ebft. Thay v\u00ec h\u1ecfi ai ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt, ch\u00ednh PFMEA tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ghi nh\u1eadn cho c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, xem x\u00e9t v\u00e0 k\u1ebft th\u00fac.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/span>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn: Bi\u1ebfn FMEA th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u r\u1ee7i ro c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i.<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

FMEA<\/strong><\/a> Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t khi b\u1ea1n coi n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n cho c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c ki\u1ec3m to\u00e1n ho\u1eb7c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c tu\u00e2n theo m\u1ed9t tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng: x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea1m vi, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ed7i, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n, ch\u1ea5m \u0111i\u1ec3m M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng, T\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n, v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f3 r\u1ee7i ro cao nh\u1ea5t tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean. C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u l\u1ed7i ph\u00e1t sinh, t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t quy tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t theo c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh r\u1ee7i ro.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m l\u00e0, FMEA ch\u1ec9 t\u1ea1o ra gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb khi c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c theo d\u00f5i \u0111\u1ebfn khi ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt khi quy tr\u00ecnh thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 \u01b0u ti\u00ean r\u1ee7i ro r\u1ea5t h\u1eefu \u00edch cho vi\u1ec7c \u01b0u ti\u00ean, nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c c\u00f3 r\u1ee7i ro cao v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c, tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m, th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 x\u00e1c minh. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao nhi\u1ec1u FMEA d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng t\u00ednh l\u1ea1i m\u1ea5t \u0111i hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebfn FMEA th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t, Jodoo<\/strong><\/a> C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p cho c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u m\u1eabu t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh, quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t, theo d\u00f5i h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n xoay quanh quy tr\u00ecnh PFMEA th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh n\u00f3 cho m\u1ed9t d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c tri\u1ec3n khai tr\u00ean to\u00e0n nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y. B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u d\u00f9ng th\u1eed mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed<\/a><\/strong> ho\u1eb7c \u0110\u1eb7t l\u1ecbch d\u00f9ng th\u1eed<\/strong><\/a> H\u00e3y xem Jodoo c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 quy tr\u00ecnh FMEA c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch Ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 L\u1ed7i v\u00e0 \u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng (FMEA) t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u r\u1ee7i ro trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. Xem c\u00e1ch Jodoo s\u1ed1 h\u00f3a PFMEA \u2014 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u d\u00f9ng th\u1eed mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":8896,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[20],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8964","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-solutions"],"blocksy_meta":[],"yoast_head":"\nHow to Conduct an FMEA Analysis: A Step-by-Step Guide for Manufacturing Teams - Jodoo Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Learn Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) step by step to reduce manufacturing risk. 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